The first organized worldwide competition involving winter sports activities was introduced just five years after the birth of the modern Olympics in 1896. This competition, the Nordic Games, included solely athletes from the Scandinavian countries and was held quadrennially in Sweden, starting in 1901. Figure skating was included within the Olympics for the primary time in the 1908 Summer Games in London, although the skating competition was not actually held till October, some three months after the other events have been over. British, Canadian, and (beginning in September 1941) United States escorts, at first pitifully few, faced aggressive and persistent U-boat activity. In November 1917 he started to maneuver southward throughout Portuguese East Africa (Germany had declared struggle on Portugal in March 1916), and, after crossing again into German East Africa in September 1918, he turned southwestward to invade Northern Rhodesia in October. In Jiaozhou (Kiaochow) Bay a small German enclave on the Chinese coast, the port of Qingdao (Tsingtao) was the item of Japanese attack from September 1914. With some assist from British troops and from Allied warships, the Japanese captured it on November 7. In October, in the meantime, the Japanese had occupied the Marianas, the Caroline Islands, and the Marshalls in the North Pacific, these islands being defenseless because the departure of Admiral von Spee’s naval squadron.

Both the Japanese and the British Royal Air Force suffered vital losses in March 1944. Read about these and different World War II occasions in the next section. Conspicuously absent from the Alpine occasions have been 1980 gold medalists Ingemar Stenmark (Sweden) and Hanni Wenzel (Liechtenstein), who had been thought-about professionals and had been thus banned from Olympic competitors. In the men’s competition Scott Hamilton (U.S.) edged out Brian Orser (Canada) to win the gold. The win for Iceland got here on board four, but not without luck. Irina Slutskaya, the favorite in the women’s competitors, needed to settle for the bronze medal after Japan’s Arakawa Shizuka gave a dazzling performance to win her nation’s first gold medal in that event. The Alpine competitors was marked by the shocking success of the Austrian skiers, who won 14 medals in all, including gold medals within the women’s downhill and tremendous-G by Michaela Dorfmeister, and by the disappointing performance of the American team led by World Cup champion Bode Miller, who was entered in five occasions but earned no Olympic medals. In the men’s occasions Gaétan Boucher (Canada) captured two gold medals and one bronze. In the observe occasions the Kenyan men’s group won 4 of the six distance races.

June 14: Free French chief General Charles de Gaulle returns to France some four years after the Nazi occupation despatched him into exile. From 1928 the Winter Games had been held each four years in the same calendar yr as the Summer Games. Within four years, however, new services had been constructed, and accommodations had been made to help two million guests. The monetary hegemon of the time when the gold mark was in use, nonetheless, was the pound sterling, with the sovereign (£1) being valued at 20.Forty three gold marks. At the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal, nonetheless, Karppinen beat Kolbe by greater than two seconds to take the gold medal. The overall results have been predictably lopsided, with Americans incomes greater than three-fourths of the 95 gold medals and greater than 230 medals in all. Follow extra World War II events of April and should 1940, together with Nazi Germany's invasion of the Low Countries, on the following page. The next year the IOC altered its charter to create a separate Winter Olympics. The images of the moon and planets are produced by separate projection gadgets mounted on a body between the two star spheres. Two years later an agreement was reached to celebrate an IOC-sanctioned International Winter Sports Week.

Thereafter the Winter and Summer Games were each held quadrennially, alternating in even-numbered years. The Games staged in St. Moritz, Switzerland, in 1928 were formally designated the second Winter Olympics. Egypt, the British Virgin Islands, Monaco, Puerto Rico, and Senegal made their Winter Olympics debuts as a Winter Games-document variety of national Olympic committees (49) competed at Sarajevo. The awarding of the 14th Winter Olympics to Sarajevo (now in Bosnia and Herzegovina) caught many by surprise, together with the host nation, which went to work building new services and making improvements to others as a way to accommodate the Games. German speed skater Claudia Pechstein won two medals in Turin, bringing her profession complete to nine and making her the top medal winner in her sport’s Olympic history. Zoltán Halmay of Hungary and Charles Daniels of the United States each won two usd gold price medals in individual swimming, whereas Emil Rausch of Germany gained three. Janet Evans of the United States gained three swimming events.

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